![]() The cartilage in the calli is replaced by trabecular bone via endochondral ossification ( Figure 6.21 c).Įventually, the internal and external calli unite, compact bone replaces spongy bone at the outer margins of the fracture, and healing is complete. Over the next several weeks, osteoclasts resorb the dead bone osteogenic cells become active, divide, and differentiate into osteoblasts. Within about 48 hours after the fracture, chondrocytes from the endosteum have created an internal callus (plural = calli) by secreting a fibrocartilaginous matrix between the two ends of the broken bone, while the periosteal chondrocytes and osteoblasts create an external callus of hyaline cartilage and bone, respectively, around the outside of the break ( Figure 6.21 b). (c) Cartilage of the calli is replaced by trabecular bone. Some fractures may be described using more than one term because it may have the features of more than one type (e.g., an open transverse fracture).įigure 6.21 Stages in Fracture Repair The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. Table 6.4 outlines common types of fractures. Types of Fracturesįractures are classified by their complexity, location, and other features ( Figure 6.20). These can become lodged in the capillary beds of the lungs, leading to respiratory distress and if not treated quickly, death. For example, a fractured diaphysis of the femur has the potential to release fat globules into the bloodstream. While some fractures can be minor, others are quite severe and result in grave complications. Open reduction requires surgery to expose the fracture and reset the bone. When a broken bone is manipulated and set into its natural position without surgery, the procedure is called a closed reduction. If the bone is not reset correctly, the healing process will keep the bone in its deformed position. It will heal whether or not a physician resets it in its anatomical position. Describe the steps involved in bone repairĪ fracture is a broken bone.Differentiate among the different types of fractures.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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